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Varicose Veins: What They Are, Why They Occur, and How They’re Treated
Medically verified
Last updated on 1/29/2026
By Dr. Michael Nguyen
Vein Doctor at Vein Treatment Clinic
Harvard Medical School
Board Certified by the American Board of Venous and Lymphatic Medicine
Varicose veins are enlarged, bulging veins that most commonly appear on the legs. Some patients notice them because of appearance alone, while others seek care because of aching, heaviness, swelling, or leg fatigue.
Although varicose veins are common, they are often misunderstood. Some people assume they are only cosmetic, while others worry they may indicate a more serious circulation issue.
This page provides a comprehensive overview of varicose veins, answers the most common patient questions, and explains when evaluation and treatment may be helpful.
If you’re unsure whether your varicose veins are cosmetic or a sign of vein disease, a vein evaluation can help clarify what’s happening.
What are varicose veins?
Varicose veins are enlarged veins that develop when blood does not flow efficiently back toward the heart, causing veins to stretch and become visible.
They most often affect the legs, where veins work against gravity, and can range from mildly enlarged veins to prominent bulging veins.
Varicose Vein before and after treatment pictures.
Results may vary according to each case.
Varicose Vein before and after treatment pictures.
Results may vary according to each case.
What causes varicose veins?
Varicose veins develop when the valves inside the veins weaken or fail, allowing blood to flow backward and pool in the vein.
Common contributing factors include genetics, aging, pregnancy, prolonged standing or sitting, and increased pressure in the leg veins.
What symptoms are associated with varicose veins?
Are varicose veins dangerous or just cosmetic?
Some varicose veins are primarily cosmetic, while others may signal underlying venous insufficiency.
Knowing when varicose veins are harmless and when they require medical attention helps guide appropriate care.
Symptom Checker
Do varicose veins get worse over time?
Progression depends on underlying vein function and contributing risk factors.
Can varicose veins go away on their own?
True varicose veins usually do not disappear without treatment because valve dysfunction does not reverse on its own.
Symptoms may fluctuate, but the underlying vein issue often remains.
Gravity vs. Your Veins: Learn Why Damaged Valves Need Professional Repair
How are varicose veins diagnosed?
Diagnosis usually includes a physical exam and a non-invasive ultrasound to evaluate blood flow and valve function.
Ultrasound helps determine whether deeper vein reflux is contributing to visible veins and symptoms.
Before
After
A 37-year-old patient visited our Vein Treatment Clinic, seeking relief from unsightly and painful varicose and spider veins. We performed radiofrequency ablation and sclerotherapy treatments, significantly improving the veins’ appearance and completely eliminating discomfort. The patient is now enjoying a more active and pain-free lifestyle.
Before
After
A 69 year-old patient visited our California Vein Clinic, embarrassed by spider veins that had impacted their self-esteem. We performed radiofrequency ablation and sclerotherapy treatments, leaving their legs smooth and healthy. The patient now feels more confident, thanks to this transformative treatment.
Before
After
This 84 year-old patient at our New Jersey Vein Treatment Clinic came in with spider veins that had affected their daily routine. We used radiofrequency ablation and sclerotherapy treatments to relieve discomfort and restore both their leg health and confidence. The patient now enjoys a more active and fulfilling lifestyle, free from pain.
Before
After
At our Long Island Vein Clinic, we treated this 75 year-old patient with spider veins using radiofrequency ablation and sclerotherapy. These minimally invasive treatments improved both the patient’s appearance and overall well-being, offering transformative results.
Before
After
This 75 year-old patient visited our Long Island Vein Treatment Clinic with painful spider veins. We used radiofrequency ablation and sclerotherapy, minimally invasive treatments, to eliminate the veins and restore comfort and confidence. The patient experienced life-changing results
What are the treatment options for varicose veins?
Modern treatment focuses on improving circulation using minimally invasive, non-surgical procedures.
Treatment selection depends on vein anatomy, symptoms, and ultrasound findings.
What is the best treatment for varicose veins?
There is no single best treatment for everyone. The most effective approach depends on the underlying cause of the vein problem and the patient’s anatomy.
Personalized treatment plans lead to better, longer-lasting results.
Is varicose vein treatment safe?
Modern varicose vein treatments are generally safe when performed by trained specialists using ultrasound guidance.
Most procedures are done in the office with minimal downtime.
How much does varicose vein treatment cost and is it covered by insurance?
Cost varies based on treatment type, extent of vein disease, and insurance coverage.
When treatment is medically necessary, insurance often covers part or all of the care.
When should you see a vein specialist?
Evaluation is recommended if varicose veins cause pain, swelling, skin changes, or interfere with daily activities.
Seeing a specialist helps determine whether monitoring or treatment is appropriate.